Aim: The evaluation of biomarkers linked with inhibition and activation of vascular calcification in pre and post renal transplant period in renal transplant recipients was aimed in this research.

Patients and Methods: 35 recipients who had undergone living-donor kidney transplantation were included. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, calcium, phosphorus, inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), osteoprotegerin (OPG), alpha-2 heremans-schmid glycoprotein (Fetuin- A), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), creatinine, parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were analyzed immediately before and 6 months after transplantation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0.

Results: This research reported that vitamin D deficiency continues independently of renal function in renal transplant recipients. Despite the low levels of vitamin D, its active form was increased with the improvement of renal function. It also observed that PPi and Fetuin-A levels increase, OPG and ALP levels decrease with the improvement of graft function.

Conclusion: Serum biomarkers could serve as important indicators of vascular calcification in renal transplant recipients. The increase in serum levels of OPG and ALP, which are thought to play a role as activators in the calcification process in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease may be beneficial in early detection of calcification. Further larger studies are required to evaluate time-dependent changes after renal transplantation.